ZFS - Wichtige Befehle

[FrankM]

zpool - configure ZFS storage pools

Ein paar der wichtigsten Befehle, die ich so die letzten Tage kennengelernt und benutzt habe. Wird bei Bedarf erweitert.

zpool create

Hiermit bauen wir einen ZFS Pool aus zwei Platten auf.

zpool create ZFS-Pool ata-WDC_WD40EZRZ-00GXCB0_WD-WCC7K6XD2C26 ata-WDC_WD40EZRZ-00GXCB0_WD-WCC7K5PPSH52

zpool status

Zeigt uns den Status des Pools an, welche Platten, Zustand usw.

root@pve:~# zpool status
  pool: ZFS-Pool
 state: ONLINE
  scan: resilvered 1.20T in 02:56:31 with 0 errors on Mon Oct 18 18:28:36 2021
config:

	NAME                                          STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
	ZFS-Pool                                      ONLINE       0     0     0
	  mirror-0                                    ONLINE       0     0     0
	    ata-WDC_WD40EZRZ-00GXCB0_WD-WCC7K6XD2C26  ONLINE       0     0     0
	    ata-WDC_WD40EZRZ-00GXCB0_WD-WCC7K5PPSH52  ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

zpool attach

Hiermit fügen wir eine oder mehrere Platten zu einem Pool hinzu.

zpool attach ZFS-Pool ata-WDC_WD40EZRZ-00GXCB0_WD-WCC7K6XD2C26 ata-WDC_WD40EZRZ-00GXCB0_WD-WCC7K5PPSH52

zpool detach

Das entfernt eine Platte aus dem Pool.

zpool detach ZFS-Pool 8992518921607088473

zpool replace

Eine Platte, die z.B. ausgefallen ist, wird hiermit ersetzt.

zpool replace ZFS-Pool ata-WDC_WD40EZRZ-00GXCB0_WD-WCC7K5PPSH52

zfs - configures ZFS file systems

---

zfs list

Listet den Inhalt des ZFS Filesystemes.

root@pve:~# zfs list -t filesystem -o name,used
NAME                  USED
ZFS-Pool              418G
ZFS-Pool/nas_backup   384G

oder

root@pve:~# zfs list
NAME                     USED  AVAIL     REFER  MOUNTPOINT
ZFS-Pool                 418G  3.10T     1.50G  /ZFS-Pool
ZFS-Pool/nas_backup      384G  3.10T      384G  /ZFS-Pool/nas_backup
ZFS-Pool/vm-100-disk-0  33.0G  3.13T     3.17G  -

oder

gibt alle Parameter aus, was für Experten

root@pve:~# zfs get all ZFS-Pool
NAME      PROPERTY              VALUE                  SOURCE
ZFS-Pool  type                  filesystem             -
ZFS-Pool  creation              Sat Oct 16 10:50 2021  -
ZFS-Pool  used                  418G                   -
ZFS-Pool  available             3.10T                  -
ZFS-Pool  referenced            1.50G                  -
ZFS-Pool  compressratio         1.01x                  -
ZFS-Pool  mounted               yes                    -
ZFS-Pool  quota                 none                   default
ZFS-Pool  reservation           none                   default
ZFS-Pool  recordsize            128K                   default
ZFS-Pool  mountpoint            /ZFS-Pool              default
ZFS-Pool  sharenfs              off                    default
ZFS-Pool  checksum              on                     default
ZFS-Pool  compression           on                     local
ZFS-Pool  atime                 on                     default
ZFS-Pool  devices               on                     default
ZFS-Pool  exec                  on                     default
ZFS-Pool  setuid                on                     default
ZFS-Pool  readonly              off                    default
ZFS-Pool  zoned                 off                    default
ZFS-Pool  snapdir               hidden                 default
ZFS-Pool  aclmode               discard                default
ZFS-Pool  aclinherit            restricted             default
ZFS-Pool  createtxg             1                      -
ZFS-Pool  canmount              on                     default
ZFS-Pool  xattr                 on                     default
ZFS-Pool  copies                1                      default
ZFS-Pool  version               5                      -
ZFS-Pool  utf8only              off                    -
ZFS-Pool  normalization         none                   -
ZFS-Pool  casesensitivity       sensitive              -
ZFS-Pool  vscan                 off                    default
ZFS-Pool  nbmand                off                    default
ZFS-Pool  sharesmb              off                    default
ZFS-Pool  refquota              none                   default
ZFS-Pool  refreservation        none                   default
ZFS-Pool  guid                  16136524096267552939   -
ZFS-Pool  primarycache          all                    default
ZFS-Pool  secondarycache        all                    default
ZFS-Pool  usedbysnapshots       0B                     -
ZFS-Pool  usedbydataset         1.50G                  -
ZFS-Pool  usedbychildren        417G                   -
ZFS-Pool  usedbyrefreservation  0B                     -
ZFS-Pool  logbias               latency                default
ZFS-Pool  objsetid              54                     -
ZFS-Pool  dedup                 off                    default
ZFS-Pool  mlslabel              none                   default
ZFS-Pool  sync                  standard               default
ZFS-Pool  dnodesize             legacy                 default
ZFS-Pool  refcompressratio      1.00x                  -
ZFS-Pool  written               1.50G                  -
ZFS-Pool  logicalused           394G                   -
ZFS-Pool  logicalreferenced     1.50G                  -
ZFS-Pool  volmode               default                default
ZFS-Pool  filesystem_limit      none                   default
ZFS-Pool  snapshot_limit        none                   default
ZFS-Pool  filesystem_count      none                   default
ZFS-Pool  snapshot_count        none                   default
ZFS-Pool  snapdev               hidden                 default
ZFS-Pool  acltype               off                    default
ZFS-Pool  context               none                   default
ZFS-Pool  fscontext             none                   default
ZFS-Pool  defcontext            none                   default
ZFS-Pool  rootcontext           none                   default
ZFS-Pool  relatime              off                    default
ZFS-Pool  redundant_metadata    all                    default
ZFS-Pool  overlay               on                     default
ZFS-Pool  encryption            off                    default
ZFS-Pool  keylocation           none                   default
ZFS-Pool  keyformat             none                   default
ZFS-Pool  pbkdf2iters           0                      default
ZFS-Pool  special_small_blocks  0                      default

zfs create

Legt ein Dataset an. Das kann man sich wie einen Ordner vorstellen.

A dataset is a space where you put your data. Datasets are flexible in size and are located inside your pool.

zfs create <Pool_Name>/<dataset>

zfs snapshot

zfs snapshot datapool/test@today

zfs list

root@pbs:/mnt/datastore/datapool/test# zfs list -t snapshot
NAME                  USED  AVAIL     REFER  MOUNTPOINT
datapool/test@today     0B      -       96K  -

Die Anleitung zum Thema -> https://openzfs.github.io/openzfs-docs/index.html

Interessante Links zum Thema

• https://docs.oracle.com/cd/E19253-01/819-5461/gaynd/index.html
• https://docs.joyent.com/private-cloud/troubleshooting/disk-replacement
• https://itsfoss.com/what-is-zfs/
• http://jenpeterson.net/zfs-blog/
• https://b3n.org/zfs-hierarchy/

[FrankM]

Unter dem Beitrag sammel ich mal ein paar Beispiele, für mich zum Nachlesen

Den Anfang macht die

ZFS-Replication

Ich hatte Am Anfang ein wenig Verständnisprobleme, bis es klar war, das diese Replication von Pool zu Pool funktioniert. Also brauchen wir zwei vorhandene ZFS-Pools.

root@pbs:/mnt/datastore/datapool/test# zfs list
NAME                    USED  AVAIL     REFER  MOUNTPOINT
Backup_Home             222G   677G      222G  /mnt/datastore/Backup_Home
datapool                2.36G  1.75T     2.36G  /mnt/datastore/datapool

Wir erzeugen ein Dataset im datapool

zfs create datapool/docs -o mountpoint=/docs

Wir erzeugen eine Datei mit Inhalt

echo "version 1" > /docs/data.txt

Wir erzeugen einen Snapshot

zfs snapshot datapool/docs@today

Kontrolle

root@pbs:/mnt/datastore/datapool/test# zfs list -t snapshot
NAME                          USED  AVAIL     REFER  MOUNTPOINT
datapool/docs@today             0B      -       96K  -

Wir replizieren den vorhandenen Snapshot zum ZFS-Pool Backup_Home und speichern ihn da im Dataset test.

zfs send datapool/docs@today | zfs receive Backup_Home/test

Nun befinden sich die Daten in dem anderen ZFS-Pool

root@pbs:/mnt/datastore/datapool/test# ls /mnt/datastore/Backup_Home/test/
data.txt

Und was mich am meisten interessiert, ist wie man das zu einem anderen Server schickt

zfs send datapool/docs@today | ssh otherserver zfs receive backuppool/backup

Den Test reiche ich dann später nach.

Quelle: https://www.howtoforge.com/tutorial/how-to-use-snapshots-clones-and-replication-in-zfs-on-linux/

ZFS inkrementelle Replication

Als, nur die geänderten Daten senden!

Wir erzeugen ein paar Dateien

root@pbs:/mnt/datastore/datapool/test# echo "data" > /docs/data1.txt
root@pbs:/mnt/datastore/datapool/test# echo "data" > /docs/data2.txt
root@pbs:/mnt/datastore/datapool/test# echo "data" > /docs/data3.txt
root@pbs:/mnt/datastore/datapool/test# echo "data" > /docs/data4.txt

Neuer Snapshot

zfs snapshot datapool/docs@17:02

Liste der Snapshots

root@pbs:/mnt/datastore/datapool/test# zfs list -t snapshot
NAME                          USED  AVAIL     REFER  MOUNTPOINT
datapool/docs@today            56K      -       96K  -
datapool/docs@17:02             0B      -      112K  -

Wir senden dieinkrementelle Replication

zfs send -vi datapool/docs@today datapool/docs@17:02 | zfs receive Backup_Home/test
send from datapool/docs@today to datapool/docs@17:02 estimated size is 38.6K
total estimated size is 38.6K
cannot receive incremental stream: destination Backup_Home/test has been modified
since most recent snapshot

Dazu schreibt die Anleitung, die ich unten verlinkt habe, das die Daten verändert wurden. Warum, verstehe ich aktuell noch nicht. Mit -F im send Befehl erzwingt man einen Rollback zum letzten Snapshot.

zfs send -vi datapool/docs@today datapool/docs@17:02 | zfs receive -F Backup_Home/test
send from datapool/docs@today to datapool/docs@17:02 estimated size is 38.6K
total estimated size is 38.6K

Und Kontrolle

ls /mnt/datastore/Backup_Home/test/
data1.txt  data2.txt  data3.txt  data4.txt  data.txt   

Quelle: https://klarasystems.com/articles/introduction-to-zfs-replication/

[FrankM]

Heute mal drüber gestolpert, das es auch so was geben kann.

root@pve2:~# zpool status
  pool: pool_NAS
 state: ONLINE
status: Some supported and requested features are not enabled on the pool.
        The pool can still be used, but some features are unavailable.
action: Enable all features using 'zpool upgrade'. Once this is done,
        the pool may no longer be accessible by software that does not support
        the features. See zpool-features(7) for details.
  scan: scrub repaired 0B in 00:20:50 with 0 errors on Sun Apr 13 00:44:51 2025
config:

        NAME                                         STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
        pool_NAS                                     ONLINE       0     0     0
          mirror-0                                   ONLINE       0     0     0
            ata-WDC_WDS100T1R0A-68A4W0_230520800733  ONLINE       0     0     0
            ata-WDC_WDS100T1R0A-68A4W0_230520801376  ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

Was machen? Als erstes mal ein Backup angestoßen. Danach

root@pve2:~# zpool get all pool_NAS | grep feature
pool_NAS  feature@async_destroy          enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@empty_bpobj            active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@lz4_compress           active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@multi_vdev_crash_dump  enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@spacemap_histogram     active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@enabled_txg            active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@hole_birth             active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@extensible_dataset     active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@embedded_data          active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@bookmarks              enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@filesystem_limits      enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@large_blocks           enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@large_dnode            enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@sha512                 enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@skein                  enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@edonr                  enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@userobj_accounting     active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@encryption             enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@project_quota          active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@device_removal         enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@obsolete_counts        enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@zpool_checkpoint       enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@spacemap_v2            active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@allocation_classes     enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@resilver_defer         enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@bookmark_v2            enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@redaction_bookmarks    enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@redacted_datasets      enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@bookmark_written       enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@log_spacemap           active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@livelist               enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@device_rebuild         enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@zstd_compress          enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@draid                  enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@zilsaxattr             disabled                       local
pool_NAS  feature@head_errlog            disabled                       local
pool_NAS  feature@blake3                 disabled                       local
pool_NAS  feature@block_cloning          disabled                       local
pool_NAS  feature@vdev_zaps_v2           disabled                       local

Das kommt von neuen Funktionen, die zu ZFS hinzugefügt wurden und bei Erstellung des Pools nicht vorhanden waren. Dann upgraden wir mal

root@pve2:~# zpool upgrade pool_NAS
This system supports ZFS pool feature flags.

Enabled the following features on 'pool_NAS':
  zilsaxattr
  head_errlog
  blake3
  block_cloning
  vdev_zaps_v2

Kontrolle

root@pve2:~# zpool status
  pool: pool_NAS
 state: ONLINE
  scan: scrub repaired 0B in 00:20:50 with 0 errors on Sun Apr 13 00:44:51 2025
config:

        NAME                                         STATE     READ WRITE CKSUM
        pool_NAS                                     ONLINE       0     0     0
          mirror-0                                   ONLINE       0     0     0
            ata-WDC_WDS100T1R0A-68A4W0_230520800733  ONLINE       0     0     0
            ata-WDC_WDS100T1R0A-68A4W0_230520801376  ONLINE       0     0     0

errors: No known data errors

Features kontrollieren

root@pve2:~# zpool get all pool_NAS | grep feature
pool_NAS  feature@async_destroy          enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@empty_bpobj            active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@lz4_compress           active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@multi_vdev_crash_dump  enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@spacemap_histogram     active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@enabled_txg            active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@hole_birth             active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@extensible_dataset     active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@embedded_data          active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@bookmarks              enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@filesystem_limits      enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@large_blocks           enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@large_dnode            enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@sha512                 enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@skein                  enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@edonr                  enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@userobj_accounting     active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@encryption             enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@project_quota          active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@device_removal         enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@obsolete_counts        enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@zpool_checkpoint       enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@spacemap_v2            active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@allocation_classes     enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@resilver_defer         enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@bookmark_v2            enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@redaction_bookmarks    enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@redacted_datasets      enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@bookmark_written       enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@log_spacemap           active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@livelist               enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@device_rebuild         enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@zstd_compress          enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@draid                  enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@zilsaxattr             enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@head_errlog            active                         local
pool_NAS  feature@blake3                 enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@block_cloning          enabled                        local
pool_NAS  feature@vdev_zaps_v2           enabled                        local

So, alle neuen Features aktiviert. Jetzt kann der Pool weiterhin seine Arbeit machen.