Kleine Liste von Befehlen, die ich immer mal wieder brauche. Bis ich die im Kopf behalte, muss ich sie mir aufschreiben 
Liste nur der Directories ausgeben
[frank@eos etc]$ ls -d */
alsa/ daxctl.conf.d/ fwupd/ kernel/ modules-load.d/ pkcs11/ skel/ vpnc/
audit/ dconf/ grub.d/ keyutils/ ndctl/ pki/ ssh/ wpa_supplicant/
avahi/ debuginfod/ gss/ ld.so.conf.d/ ndctl.conf.d/ polkit-1/ ssl/ X11/
binfmt.d/ default/ gssproxy/ libblockdev/ netctl/ ppp/ sudoers.d/ xdg/
bluetooth/ depmod.d/ gtk-2.0/ libinput/ NetworkManager/ profile.d/ sysctl.d/ xinetd.d/
ca-certificates/ dracut.conf.d/ gtk-3.0/ libnl/ nginx/ pulse/ systemd/ xl2tpd/
cifs-utils/ eos-apps-info/ hp/ libpaper.d/ openldap/ rc_keymaps/ tmpfiles.d/
conf.d/ exports.d/ ifplugd/ libsmbios/ openvpn/ request-key.d/ tpm2-tss/
credstore/ firewall/ ImageMagick-7/ logrotate.d/ pacman.d/ sane.d/ udev/
credstore.encrypted/ firewalld/ iproute2/ lvm/ pam.d/ sddm.conf.d/ udisks2/
cups/ fonts/ iptables/ ModemManager/ pinentry/ security/ UPower/
cupshelpers/ foomatic/ java17-openjdk/ modprobe.d/ pipewire/ sensors.d/ usb_modeswitch.d/
Wenn man mit grep die Datei syslog durchsucht, geht das einwandfrei. Doch mit der Datei syslog.1 meint grep ein binary File vor sich zu haben und weigert sich.
rock64@rockpro64v_2_1:~$ sudo grep "Restic" /var/log/syslog.1
Binary file /var/log/syslog.1 matches
Mit der Option -a behandelt grep die Datei als Textdatei.
rock64@rockpro64v_2_1:~$ sudo grep -a "Restic" /var/log/syslog.1
Sep 18 04:33:05 rockpro64v_2_1 root: Restic-Backup Script erfolgreich! 18.09.2018_04:30
Sep 18 04:35:06 rockpro64v_2_1 root: Restic-Backup erfolgreich überprüft! 18.09.2018_04:30
Was ich auch immer wieder brauche, wenn ich dmesg nach irgendwas durchsuchen muss.
dmesg | grep -i memory
dmesg | grep -E "memory|dma|usb|tty"
Wenn man Kamils Mainline runtergeladen hat und die .deb Dateien installieren möchte.
sudo dpkg -i *.deb
# Alle Dateien löschen, die älter als 5 Tage sind.
find /daten -name "*.rdb*" -mtime 5 -exec rm {} \;
Hier noch ein aktuelles Beispiel
## Nur die Datenbanken der letzten 30 Tage behalten
find /mnt/nas/Sicherungen_Cloud/mysql/ -name "joomla*.sql" -mtime +30 -exec rm {} \;
Verzeichnisgröße ermitteln
du -hs /folder
und Unterverzeichnisse
du -shc /mnt/HC_Volume_XXXXXXXXX/nextcloud_data/*
Log live anzeigen
tail -f /var/log/...
Die letzten 30 Zeilen
tail -n 30 /var/log/syslog
apt install psmisc
Ausgabe von pstree
root@NFSServer:~# pstree
systemd─┬─agetty
├─blkmapd
├─cron
├─dbus-daemon
├─qemu-ga
├─rpc.idmapd
├─rpc.mountd
├─rpcbind
├─rsyslogd───3*[{rsyslogd}]
├─sshd───sshd───sshd───bash───su───bash───pstree
├─systemd───(sd-pam)
├─systemd-journal
├─systemd-logind
├─systemd-timesyn───{systemd-timesyn}
└─systemd-udevd
root@rockpro64:/etc/unbound# dig google.com
; <<>> DiG 9.11.5-P4-5.1-Debian <<>> google.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 59187
;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1
;; OPT PSEUDOSECTION:
; EDNS: version: 0, flags:; udp: 4096
;; QUESTION SECTION:
;google.com. IN A
;; ANSWER SECTION:
google.com. 300 IN A 172.217.16.142
;; Query time: 26 msec
;; SERVER: ::1#53(::1)
;; WHEN: Sun Feb 23 10:12:20 UTC 2020
;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 55
openssl dhparam -out /etc/nginx/certs/dhparam.pem 2048
und
openssl rand -hex 32
root@debian:~# nmap 192.168.3.14
Starting Nmap 7.70 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-04-11 13:03 CEST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.3.14
Host is up (0.00096s latency).
Not shown: 999 closed ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
MAC Address: 62:03:B0:D6:DC:B3 (Unknown)
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 1.63 seconds
cat /proc/mdstat
&
watch -n1 cat /proc/mdstat
&
mdadm --assemble --scan
root@frank-MS-7C37:~# nmap 192.168.3.11
Starting Nmap 7.80 ( https://nmap.org ) at 2020-05-10 17:55 CEST
Nmap scan report for 192.168.3.11
Host is up (0.00082s latency).
Not shown: 998 filtered ports
PORT STATE SERVICE
22/tcp open ssh
8000/tcp open http-alt
MAC Address: 62:03:B0:D6:DC:B3 (Unknown)
Nmap done: 1 IP address (1 host up) scanned in 7.05 seconds
root@frank-MS-7C37:~# telnet 192.168.3.11 8000
Trying 192.168.3.11...
Connected to 192.168.3.11.
Escape character is '^]'.
^C
Connection closed by foreign host.
Zum Beenden von telnet
CTRL + ]
und dann "quit" eingeben
update-initramfs -u
ln -s ~/Downloads ~/Desktop/Download
cat /etc/debian_version
sudo lsblk -f
gunzip openwrt-rockchip-armv8-friendlyarm_nanopi-r4s-ext4-sysupgrade.img.gz
netstat -tulpn
netstat -tulpn | grep 80
ip in Farbe!
ip -c a
[frank-ms7c92 ~]# LC_ALL=C free
Ausgabe
[frank-ms7c92 ~]# free
gesamt benutzt frei gemns. Puffer/Cache verfügbar
Speicher: 61609880 13752348 36892556 837540 10964976 46327716
Swap: 67767424 0 67767424
[frank-ms7c92 ~]# LC_ALL=C free
total used free shared buff/cache available
Mem: 61609880 13781124 36863292 837540 10965464 46298944
Swap: 67767424 0 67767424
In meinem neuen PC ist eine 2,5G Karte drin, das muss man ja am WE mal testen. Und so bekommt man ein paar Infos zu den Interfaces.
root@frank-MS-7C37:~# ethtool enp41s0
Settings for enp41s0:
Supported ports: [ TP MII ]
Supported link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
2500baseT/Full
Supported pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
Supports auto-negotiation: Yes
Supported FEC modes: Not reported
Advertised link modes: 10baseT/Half 10baseT/Full
100baseT/Half 100baseT/Full
1000baseT/Full
2500baseT/Full
Advertised pause frame use: Symmetric Receive-only
Advertised auto-negotiation: Yes
Advertised FEC modes: Not reported
Speed: Unknown!
Duplex: Unknown! (255)
Port: Twisted Pair
PHYAD: 0
Transceiver: internal
Auto-negotiation: on
MDI-X: Unknown
Supports Wake-on: pumbg
Wake-on: d
Link detected: no
root@host:/etc/systemd/system# systemctl --type=service
UNIT LOAD ACTIVE SUB DESCRIPTION
atd.service loaded active running Deferred execution scheduler
blk-availability.service loaded active exited Availability of block devices
cloud-config.service loaded active exited Apply the settings specified in cloud-config
cloud-final.service loaded active exited Execute cloud user/final scripts
cloud-init-local.service loaded active exited Initial cloud-init job (pre-networking)
cloud-init.service loaded active exited Initial cloud-init job (metadata service crawler)
console-setup.service loaded active exited Set console font and keymap
cron.service loaded active running Regular background program processing daemon
crowdsec-firewall-bouncer.service loaded active running The firewall bouncer for CrowdSec
crowdsec.service loaded active running Crowdsec agent
dbus.service loaded active running D-Bus System Message Bus
getty@tty1.service loaded active running Getty on tty1
ifupdown-pre.service loaded active exited Helper to synchronize boot up for ifupdown
keyboard-setup.service loaded active exited Set the console keyboard layout
kmod-static-nodes.service loaded active exited Create List of Static Device Nodes
lvm2-monitor.service loaded active exited Monitoring of LVM2 mirrors, snapshots etc. using dmeventd or progress polling
mariadb.service loaded active running MariaDB 10.11.3 database server
networking.service loaded active exited Raise network interfaces
nginx.service loaded active running A high performance web server and a reverse proxy server
qemu-guest-agent.service loaded active running QEMU Guest Agent
resolvconf.service loaded active exited Nameserver information manager
semaphore.service loaded active running Ansible Semaphore
serial-getty@ttyS0.service loaded active running Serial Getty on ttyS0
ssh.service loaded active running OpenBSD Secure Shell server
systemd-binfmt.service loaded active exited Set Up Additional Binary Formats
systemd-fsck@dev-disk-by\x2duuid-1E22\x2dDC00.service loaded active exited File System Check on /dev/disk/by-uuid/1E22-DC00
systemd-journal-flush.service loaded active exited Flush Journal to Persistent Storage
systemd-journald.service loaded active running Journal Service
systemd-logind.service loaded active running User Login Management
systemd-modules-load.service loaded active exited Load Kernel Modules
systemd-random-seed.service loaded active exited Load/Save Random Seed
systemd-remount-fs.service loaded active exited Remount Root and Kernel File Systems
systemd-sysctl.service loaded active exited Apply Kernel Variables
systemd-sysusers.service loaded active exited Create System Users
systemd-timesyncd.service loaded active running Network Time Synchronization
systemd-tmpfiles-setup-dev.service loaded active exited Create Static Device Nodes in /dev
systemd-tmpfiles-setup.service loaded active exited Create Volatile Files and Directories
systemd-udev-trigger.service loaded active exited Coldplug All udev Devices
systemd-udevd.service loaded active running Rule-based Manager for Device Events and Files
systemd-update-utmp.service loaded active exited Record System Boot/Shutdown in UTMP
systemd-user-sessions.service loaded active exited Permit User Sessions
ufw.service loaded active exited Uncomplicated firewall
user-runtime-dir@0.service loaded active exited User Runtime Directory /run/user/0
user@0.service loaded active running User Manager for UID 0
LOAD = Reflects whether the unit definition was properly loaded.
ACTIVE = The high-level unit activation state, i.e. generalization of SUB.
SUB = The low-level unit activation state, values depend on unit type.
44 loaded units listed. Pass --all to see loaded but inactive units, too.
To show all installed unit files use 'systemctl list-unit-files'.