Gang of Four?

There's always Kotlin. Of course I never understood the desirability of a VM language in the first place, why not just compile for different architecture?

I keep Java installed for one thing and one thing only... modded Minecraft.

They’re talking about this:
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Design_Patterns

That makes more sense in context. Another Gang of Four (that I err, know more deeply for some reason) is(read:was) a political grouping in mid 70s in China.

use bython, python with braces XD

Unlike other older languages, such as Cobol and Fortran -- which are still used, but almost always in legacy projects -- Java has constantly evolved to meet new demands while maintaining backward compatibility.

can't speak on the FORTRAN claim but with COBOL this couldn't be less true. last i checked the newest Enterprise COBOL LTS is newer than Java's

It can help with standardization and some security benefits to run things in the JVM, part of the reason it's so popular in enterprise

The argument I agree with is that Python is the best language to learn if it's your only language, and Java is the best first language if you're going to learn others. The syntax from Java is shared across so many other languages and it forces you to learn about things like objects and types. You could make an argument for C or C++ but Java's handholding is more beginner friendly imo

Yet another Gang Of Four

There's also Groovy. A data execution pipeline program I use called NextFlow uses Groovy based scripts.

And compiling for different architectures can be very difficult. I've done a lot of work Power9 computers and it's not as simple as having the right compiler flags. Often the dependencies aren't built for your platform either so you have to go and compile those too. It can be quite a hassle.

fucking tomcat and jboss...🤮

The point of Java is to be a language for 90% of programmers. The vast majority of software development is not sexy, doesn't require a PhD. Java was intended to be a commoditising language and in that it succeeded wildly.

Python is interpreted where Java is compiled. They aren’t going to be able to be used in the same cases all the time.

The difference is people still write Java, regardless of whether it's a dated pos or not, so the use cases have evolved

Then there's the use of the JVM/JRE which have evolved even more due to Scala, Clojure & Kotlin

And Java is very much considered legacy in the vast majority of projects that use it.

Java is nothing like Rust. Java was always sold as a low skill programmer language, Rust has a steep learning curve. Java tooling has always sucked where Rust has excellent tooling pretty much since 1.0, Java is extremely verbose and needs a lot of tools to generate code to be productive at all, Rust is very expressive and most people write the code by hand or just use built-in language features. Java has a culture of "who care about that backtrace in my log as long as the app does what it is supposed to" while Rust has a culture that very much cares about correctness more than performance. Java was always driven by CEOs pushing it on people from the top while Rust is very much a language programmers try to push into their companies from the bottom.

Also, none of the languages you listed have a very particular niche that differs from what they were used early on apart from Java which is now mostly used on the server and used to also be used in GUI applications more.

it succeeded in holding back the entire field of programming for a decade via that mindset by having people blindly apply stupid Java design patterns to everything.

Python isn't really strict enough to be a good learning language and Java has too much accidental complexity that literally matters in no other language.