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Human-level AI is not inevitable. We have the power to change course

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  • So, how would you define AGI, and what sorts of tasks require reasoning? I would have thought earning the gold medal on the IMO would have been a reasoning task, but I’m happy to learn why I’m wrong.

    I think we also should require to set some energy limits to those tests. Before it was assumed that those tests are done by humans, that can do those tests after eating some crackers and a bit of water.

    Now we are comparing that to massive data centers that need nuclear reactors to have enough power to work through these problems...

  • Wow, what an insightful answer.

    I have been trying to separate the truth from the hype, and learn more about how LLMs work, and this explanation has been one of the best one I’ve read on the topic. You strike a very good balance by going deep enough, but still keeping it understandable.

    A question: I remember using Wolfram Alpha a lot back in university 15+ years ago. From a user perspective, it seems very similar to LLMs, but it was very accurate with math. From this, I take that modern LLMs are not the evolution of that model, but WA still appeared to be ahead of it’s time. What is/was the difference?

    Thanks, I almost didn’t post because it was an essay of a comment lol, glad you found it insightful

    As for Wolfram Alpha, I’m definitely not an expert but I’d guess the reason it was good at math was that it would simply translate your problem from natural language into commands that could be sent to a math engine that would do the actual calculation.

    So basically act like a language translator but for typed out math to a programming language for some advanced calculation program (like wolfram Mathematica)

    Again, this is just speculation because I’m a bit too tired to look into it rn, but it seems plausible since we had basic language translators online back then (I think…) and I’d imagine parsing written math is probably easier than natural language translation

  • I definitely think that's remarkable. But I don't think scoring high on an external measure like a test is enough to prove the ability to reason. For reasoning, the process matters, IMO.

    Reasoning models work by Chain-of-Thought which has been shown to provide some false reassurances about their process https://arxiv.org/abs/2305.04388 .

    Maybe passing some math test is enough evidence for you but I think it matters what's inside the box. For me it's only proved that tests are a poor measure of the ability to reason.

    I’m sorry, but this reads to me like “I am certain I am right, so evidence that implies I’m wrong must be wrong.” And while sometimes that really is the right approach to take, more often than not you really should update the confidence in your hypothesis rather than discarding contradictory data.

    But, there must be SOMETHING which is a good measure of the ability to reason, yes? If reasoning is an actual thing that actually exists, then it must be detectable, and there must be a way to detect it. What benchmark do you purpose?

    You don’t have to seriously answer, but I hope you see where I’m coming from. I assume you’ve read Searle, and I cannot express to you the contempt in which I hold him. I think, if we are to be scientists and not philosophers (and good philosophers should be scientists too) we have to look to the external world to test our theories.

    For me, what goes on inside does matter, but what goes on inside everyone everywhere is just math, and I haven’t formed an opinion about what math is really most efficient at instantiating reasoning, or thinking, or whatever you want to talk about.

    To be honest, the other day I was convinced it was actually derivatives and integrals, and, because of this, that analog computers would make much better AIs than digital computers. (But Hava Siegelmann’s book is expensive, and, while I had briefly lifted my book buying moratorium, I think I have to impose it again).

    Hell, maybe Penrose is right and we need quantum effects (I really really really doubt it, but, to the extent that it is possible for me, I try to keep an open mind).

    🤷♂

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    The path to AGI seems inevitable - not because it’s around the corner, but because of the nature of technological progress itself. Unless one of two things stops us, we’ll get there eventually:

    1. Either there’s something fundamentally unique about how the biological brain processes information - something that cannot, even in principle, be replicated in silicon,

    2. Or we wipe ourselves out before we get the chance.

    Barring those, the outcome is just a matter of time. This argument makes no claim about timelines - only trajectory. Even if we stopped AI research for a thousand years, it’s hard to imagine a future where we wouldn’t eventually resume it. That's what humans do; improve our technology.

    The article points to cloning as a counterexample but that’s not a technological dead end, that’s a moral boundary. If one thinks we’ll hold that line forever, I’d call that naïve. When it comes to AGI, there’s no moral firewall strong enough to hold back the drive toward it. Not permanently.

  • It’s just a cash grab to take peoples jobs and give it to a chat bot that’s fed Wikipedia’s data on crack.

    Don't confuse AGI with LLMs. Both being AI systems is the only thing they have in common. They couldn't be further apart when it comes to cognitive capabilities.

  • We're not even remotely close. The promise of AGI is part of the AI hype machine and taking it seriously is playing into their hands.

    Irrelevant at best, harmful at worst 🤷

    We’re not even remotely close.

    That’s just the other side of the same coin whose flip side claims AGI is right around the corner. The truth is, you couldn’t possibly know either way.

  • I’m sorry, but this reads to me like “I am certain I am right, so evidence that implies I’m wrong must be wrong.” And while sometimes that really is the right approach to take, more often than not you really should update the confidence in your hypothesis rather than discarding contradictory data.

    But, there must be SOMETHING which is a good measure of the ability to reason, yes? If reasoning is an actual thing that actually exists, then it must be detectable, and there must be a way to detect it. What benchmark do you purpose?

    You don’t have to seriously answer, but I hope you see where I’m coming from. I assume you’ve read Searle, and I cannot express to you the contempt in which I hold him. I think, if we are to be scientists and not philosophers (and good philosophers should be scientists too) we have to look to the external world to test our theories.

    For me, what goes on inside does matter, but what goes on inside everyone everywhere is just math, and I haven’t formed an opinion about what math is really most efficient at instantiating reasoning, or thinking, or whatever you want to talk about.

    To be honest, the other day I was convinced it was actually derivatives and integrals, and, because of this, that analog computers would make much better AIs than digital computers. (But Hava Siegelmann’s book is expensive, and, while I had briefly lifted my book buying moratorium, I think I have to impose it again).

    Hell, maybe Penrose is right and we need quantum effects (I really really really doubt it, but, to the extent that it is possible for me, I try to keep an open mind).

    🤷♂

    I'm not sure I can give a satisfying answer. There are a lot of moving parts here, and a big issue here is definitions which you also touch upon with your reference to Searle.

    I agree with the sentiment that there must be some objective measure of reasoning ability. To me, reasoning is more than following logical rules. It's also about interpreting the intent of the task. The reasoning models are very sensitive to initial conditions and tend to drift when the question is not super precise or if they don't have sufficient context.

    The AI models are in a sense very fragile to the input. Organic intelligence on the other hand is resilient and also heuristic. I don't have any specific idea for the test, but it should test the ability to solve a very ill-posed problem.

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    A lot of people making baseless claims about it being inevitable...i mean it could happen but the hard problem of consciousness is not inevitable to solve

  • We’re not even remotely close.

    That’s just the other side of the same coin whose flip side claims AGI is right around the corner. The truth is, you couldn’t possibly know either way.

    The truth is, you couldn’t possibly know either way.

    I think the argument is we're not remotely close when considering the specific techniques used by current generation of AI tools. Of course people can make new discovery any day and achieve AGI but it's a different discussion.

  • AI will not threaten humans due to sadism or boredom, but because it takes jobs and makes people jobless.

    When there is lower demand for human labor, according to the rule of supply and demand, prices (aka. wages) for human labor go down.

    The real crisis is one of sinking wages, lack of social safety nets, and lack of future perspective for workers. That's what should actually be discussed.

    Not sure if we will even really notice that in our lifetime, it is taking decades to get things like invoice processing to automate. Heck in the US they can't even get proper bank connections made.

    Also, tractors have replaced a lot of workers on the land, computers have both lost a lot of jobs in offices and created a lot at the same time.

    Jobs will change, that's for sure and I think most of the heavy labour jobs will become more expensive since they are harder to replace.

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    Human level? That’s not setting the bar very high. Surely the aim would be to surpass human, or why bother?

  • The path to AGI seems inevitable - not because it’s around the corner, but because of the nature of technological progress itself. Unless one of two things stops us, we’ll get there eventually:

    1. Either there’s something fundamentally unique about how the biological brain processes information - something that cannot, even in principle, be replicated in silicon,

    2. Or we wipe ourselves out before we get the chance.

    Barring those, the outcome is just a matter of time. This argument makes no claim about timelines - only trajectory. Even if we stopped AI research for a thousand years, it’s hard to imagine a future where we wouldn’t eventually resume it. That's what humans do; improve our technology.

    The article points to cloning as a counterexample but that’s not a technological dead end, that’s a moral boundary. If one thinks we’ll hold that line forever, I’d call that naïve. When it comes to AGI, there’s no moral firewall strong enough to hold back the drive toward it. Not permanently.

    something that cannot, even in principle, be replicated in silicon

    As if silicon were the only technology we have to build computers.

  • something that cannot, even in principle, be replicated in silicon

    As if silicon were the only technology we have to build computers.

    Did you genuinely not understand the point I was making, or are you just being pedantic? "Silicon" obviously refers to current computing substrates, not a literal constraint on all future hardware. If you’d prefer I rewrite it as "in non-biological substrates," I’m happy to oblige - but I have a feeling you already knew that.

  • Did you genuinely not understand the point I was making, or are you just being pedantic? "Silicon" obviously refers to current computing substrates, not a literal constraint on all future hardware. If you’d prefer I rewrite it as "in non-biological substrates," I’m happy to oblige - but I have a feeling you already knew that.

    And why is "non-biological" a limitation?

  • Ummm no? If moneyed interests want it then it happens. We have absolutely no control over whether it happens. Did we stop Recall from being forced down our throats with windows 11? Did we stop Gemini from being forced down our throats?

    If capital wants it capital gets it. 😞

    Couldn’t we have a good old fashioned butlerian jihad?

  • And why is "non-biological" a limitation?

    I haven’t claimed that it is. The point is, the only two plausible scenarios I can think of where we don’t eventually reach AGI are: either we destroy ourselves before we get there, or there’s something fundamentally mysterious about the biological computer that is the human brain - something that allows it to process information in a way we simply can’t replicate any other way.

    I don’t think that’s the case, since both the brain and computers are made of matter, and matter obeys the laws of physics. But it’s at least conceivable that there could be more to it.

  • I haven’t claimed that it is. The point is, the only two plausible scenarios I can think of where we don’t eventually reach AGI are: either we destroy ourselves before we get there, or there’s something fundamentally mysterious about the biological computer that is the human brain - something that allows it to process information in a way we simply can’t replicate any other way.

    I don’t think that’s the case, since both the brain and computers are made of matter, and matter obeys the laws of physics. But it’s at least conceivable that there could be more to it.

    I personally think that the additional component (suppose it's energy) that modern approaches miss is the sheer amount of entropy a human brain gets - plenty of many times duplicated sensory signals with pseudo-random fluctuations. I don't know how one can use lots of entropy to replace lots of computation (OK, I know what Monte-Carlo method is, just how it applies to AI), but superficially this seems to be the way that will be taken at some point.

    On your point - I agree.

    I'd say we might reach AGI soon enough, but it will be impractical to use as compared to a human.

    While the matching efficiency is something very far away, because a human brain has undergone, so to say, an optimization\compression taking the energy of evolution since the beginning of life on Earth.

  • Human level? That’s not setting the bar very high. Surely the aim would be to surpass human, or why bother?

    Yeah. Cheap labor is so much better than this bullshit